Internal-combustion engine.



H. F. SHEPHERD.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I2. I9I4.

1 ,205,5'73. PaIenIed Nov. 21, 1916.

f' WN t n w )IW 53 I1 1:1 En I1\ I N Q [t m \D S G Q A TTOR NE YS.

To all whom it may concern:

TED S Afr een HAROLD F. SHEPHERD, F GROVE CITY, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO BESSEMER GAS ENGINE COMPANY, 0F GROVE CITY, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENN- SYLVANIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Patented Nev. ai, 1916.

Application filed August 12, 1914. Serial No. 856,389.

Beit known that I, HAROLD F. SHEPHERD, a citizen of the United States, residing at Grove. City, in the `county of Mercer and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Internal- Combustion Engines, of which the following is la specification.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and consists in certain improvements in the construction thereof as will be hereinafterv fully described and pointed out in the claims.

More particularly the invention relates t0 internal combustion engines burning heavy hydrocarbon oils of the type included in what is commonly known as the hot bulbengine. The invention is particularly adapted to two cycle engines of this type in which fuel is not admitted to the air for combustion. until approximately the time for ignition.

In many of the designs wherein the hot bulb is used difculty has developed because the oil as introduced is not4 distributed in the air sufficiently to assure a complete combustion of the oil, resulting notonly in the loss of oil but in a continual deposit due to the faulty combustion.

An object of the present invention is to obviate this diificulty. 4

VOther objects and details of construction will appear from the specification and claims.

The invention is illustrated inthe accompanying drawings as follows Figure 1 is a central vertical Sectio through the engine cylinder. Fig. 2 an end View of the end of the cylinder with the cylinder head removed from the main cylinder, the view being from the inside.

1 marks the combustion cylinder, 2 the piston and 3 the piston rod. The cylinder proper is extended forming the punip` cylinder 4. This is provided with a closure 5 cylinder through the port 10 to the combustion cylinder 1. These parts operate in the manner common to two cycle engines.

The cylinder has an extension 11. The water jacket 12 ofthe combustion cylinder is connected by the passages 13 with the water space 14 of the extension 11. The extension 11 has an annular groove 15 and the hot bulb head 16 rests -in this groove 15, the head having an annular shoulder 17. The bulb 18 is bowl-sl1aped,with a wide open non-contracted mouth, the axis of the bowl being tilted to the axis of the cylinder so that the opening of the bowl or bulb is downwardly as well as toward the cylinder proper. The bulb extends inwardly from the annular shoulder 17. The bulb is also eccentricto the center of the head so that one side of the cavity formed by the bowl is formed by the wall of the cylinder extension. The upper wall 19 of the bulb is approximately horizontal. The fuel pipe 20 extends through the wall of the extension 11 and has its nozzle in the space in the cylinder wall opposite the opening or in the opening of the-bulb, and at the bottom of said wall so that the spray from the nozzle is upwardly against the wall 19.

This construction is very eflicient and obviates many of the faults heretofore encountered in this typeof engine. The air as the piston approaches its dead center is confined in a comparatively small space and the spray from the nozzle distributes the fuel through this space so that there is a complete ignition of the fuel. Furthermore, ifthe fuel is not completely ignited in its upward movement, it must by reason of the fact that the nozzle is at the bottom pass through the burning gases as it falls so that for this reason also a complete combustion is assured. The bowl-shaped bulb also contributes to the possibility of making this complete distribution because the wide open bulb 'does not pocket any of the air in a position to be inaccessible to the spray. The shape of the walls of the bulb isparticularly desirable in v,that it is subjected to tremendous variations in temperature and also high pressure. The double walls 19 formed by the wall and the outer ring 22 of the` head 16 make expansion of the hottest part of the head possible. At the Vsame time this shape of the head materially strengthens it in that it is webbed in this way practically throughout.

By extending the bulb inwardly from the joint between the head and the cylinder, the expansion and contraction can be readily taken care of and therclearance 'outside of the bulb reduced to a minimum.

I prefer to provide a thin hottube 23 in the bulb for the purpose of starting the engine. It will be understood that the bulb is'ordinarily heated with a torch initially and the engine may be started ordinarily by heating the thin wall of the hot tube 23, the bulb itself being brought to its higher temperature by the explosion of the engine after starting with the hot tube.

lVhat I claim as new is l. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder; a cylinder head forming an annular joint with the cylinder and having a hot bulb extending inwardly from the joint, said bulb being arranged diagonally to the axis of the cylinder and opening directly into the cylinder; and an injector for delivering fuel to the bulb directly through the mouth of the bulb.

2. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of acylinder; a cylinder head forming an annular joint with the cylinder and having a hot bulb extending inwardly from the joint and opening directly into the cylinder, the axis of the bulb being tilted to the axis of the cylinder; and an injector arranged in the wall of the cylinder opposite the opening of the bulb for delivering fuel directly into the bulb through the mouth of the bulb.

3..In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a cylinder head having a hot bulb tilted to the axis of the cylinder and opening directly into the cylinder with its opening tilted toward one wall of the cylinder; and a fuel injector delivering fuel from along the wall opposite the opening and directly into the bulb through the mouth of the bulb.

"4. In an. internal combustion engine, the

Ycombination of a cylinder; a cylinder head having a hot bulb tilted to the axis of the cylinder and opening directly into the cylinder and having its opening tilted .toward the bottom wall of the cylinder; and a fuel injector delivering fuel from along the wall opposite the opening and directly into the bulb through the mouth of the bulb.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination ofa cylinder; a cylinder head having a hot bulb open at one side alongv the cylinder wall and forming a closure with other parts of the cylinder wall; and a. fuel inigctor delivering fuel from along the wall opposite the opening and directly tom wall opposite the opening and directly into the bulb through the mouth of the bulb.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a cylinder head having a bowl-shaped hot bulb eccentric to the axis of the head andA open at one side toward the wall of the cylinder and into the cylinder, the wall of the bulb and the head forming a double wall extending axially of the head; and a fuel injector delivering fuel directly into the mouth of the bulb from along the Wall of the cylinder opposite the opening to the bulb.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a cylinder head having a bowl-shaped hot bulb eccentric to the axis of the head and having an opening tilted toward one wall of the cylinder, the

walls of the bulb and the head forming ,f

double walls axially of the head; and a fuel injector for delivering fuel from 'along' the wall opposite the opening in the bulb directly into the mouth of the bulb.

'9. In an vinternal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a cylinder head having a bowl-shaped hot bulb eccentric to the axis of the head and having an opening tilted toward the bottom wall of the cylinder, the walls of the bulb and the head forming double walls axially of the head; and a fuel injector for delivering fuel from along the bottom Wall opposite the opening in tohe bulb directly into the mouth of the bul 10. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder; a cylinder head forming an annular joint with the cylinder and having a hot bulb extending inwardly from the joint and opening directly into the cylinder, the axis of the bulb being tilted to the axis of the cylinder facing the opening of the bulb toward the bottom wall of the cylinder; and an injector for delivering fuel to the bulb arranged in the bottom wall of the cylinder and directed to deliver fuel directly through the mouth of the bulb.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HAROLD F. SHEPHERD. 

